Syphilis In Measure For Measure Essays - Syphilis, Free Essays

Syphilis In Measure For Measure Essays - Syphilis, Free Essays Syphilis In Measure For Measure Syphilis in Renaissance Europe and in Shakespeares Measure for Measure List of sources to venereal malady show up as from the get-go in the second scene of Shakespeares Measure for Measure. Syphilis, the essential and generally loathsome of venereal sicknesses, spun out of control in Shakespeares time. By giving a short history of the ailment in Renaissance Europe one can increase a superior comprehension of the malady which will give a more prominent understanding into the play which would have gone obscure. This concise history will incorporate, the seriousness of the infection in fifteenth and sixteenth century Europe, accepted starting points and side effects of the timespan, and techniques for restoring or fighting the illness.. By perusing and breaking down entries alluding to syphilis in Measure for Measure plainly Shakespeare himself put stock in the majority of the realities set up by the writer and doctor Fracastor. Fracastor was the essential source and impact with respect to investigations of syphilis in Renaissance Europe. The ailment we presently normally distinguish as syphilis is accepted to have shown up in Europe without precedent for the late fifteenth century. Despite the fact that there are hardly any measurements from that period accessible to demonstrate such a contention, there is a lot of proof that bolsters that the ailment abruptly rose in extraordinary bounty during this timeframe. It is additionally accepted that syphilis was significantly more serious at that point, than it has ever been since. Zinsser writes in his book, Rats, Lice, and History that: There is little uncertainty that when syphilis initially showed up in scourge structure, toward the start of the sixteenth century, it was an undeniably increasingly harmful, intense, and real condition than it is presently (Rosebury 23). The first run through syphilis, called fiendish marks at that point, was referenced in print happened on August 7, 1495 in the Edict of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian. In this archive syphilis was accepted to be a discipline sent from God for profanation and was depicted as something which had never happened nor been known about inside the memory of man (Rosebury 24). Between the years 1495 and 1498 there were an aggregate of nine comparative archives that developed all through Western Europe. In 1530 Fracastor, an artist and doctor, distributed the sonnet, Syphilis sive Morbus Gallicus, deciphered Syphilis or the French Disease. The fundamental character was a shepherd in Hispaniola named Syphilis. Syphilis came down with the illness for slighting the Gods. At the time Fracastor had faith in the past reports, yet would give his own unique thoughts concerning how the sickness arrived at Europe. He additionally implied potential medicines, that Shakespeare will later use in his plays. Fracastor utilized the name syphilis for both the primary character and the malady he contracted. Notwithstanding, the name of the sickness kept on being known as the French infection. It was not until the 1850s, over three centuries after Fracastors sonnet, that the sickness was called syphilis. Fracastors sonnet became broadly well known in Western Europe, and was accepted to be for the most part authentic at that point. It may appear to be odd that an anecdotal sonnet with anecdotal characters would be broadly viewed as truth, however under the extraordinary conditions of the sixteenth century syphilis scourge it bodes well. Syphilis had caused fear in the hearts of the individuals in the sixteenth century because of its quick spread. Doctors appeared to be powerless to fix it. Nobody could do anything, yet put stock in what Fracastor composed. In the sonnet Fracastor had answers concerning its root, side effects, and remedy for this new infection. He obliged the normal conviction that it showed up in the French armed force before Naples around the year 1495. From France, and fairly took from France his name, (Rosebury 31). This statement gives the proof concerning syphilis previous name, The French Disease. He likewise talked about how he accepted that it started in America, and was carried back with Columbus and his men. This was the well known perspective on the day, and numerous scientists despite everything discover truth in it. What Fracastor really accepted, at that point, was that the places of the planets affected the flare-up of the sickness. He accepted that they arranged so that gave extraordinary conditions to the development of the sickness. In the sonnet Fracastor moreover

Relationship Between EI and OP Amongst Librarians

Connection Between EI and OP Amongst Librarians Section TWO Writing REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION This section is looks to check the constrained investigations into the connection among EI and OP among bookkeepers. There gives off an impression of being next to no examination, or study researching the zones orchestrating library organization issues and the investigation of EI in data works. In spite of the fact that specialists imply the should have the option to comprehend and deal with their own feelings as a data supplier, the absence of research consolidating the territories of EI of administrators in Malaysian open libraries recommends a huge hole in a significant research region (Quinn, 2002; Hernon, 2008 and Singer, 2005). Thusly, an investigation that centers around an open curators saw requirement for EI would fill this hole and along these lines add to the current EI writing. The accompanying data is given as a writing audit incorporating an outline of the various develops and speculations of EI, as examined by a few writers. The verifiable setting and improvement of Malaysian Public Libraries will likewise be investigated in this writing audit. The subjects of EI, and the territory of data works, are looked into independently inside, as there is almost no examination on issues relating to the mix of these points. This part outfits an incorporating survey on past writing, which covers a wealth of data on EI inquire about by and large. There are 8 sections organized as follows: Part 1 contains the presentation; Part 2 gives the depiction of EI history, hypothesis, models and advancement; Part 3 talks about EI and applications in the work environment EI; Part 4 examines bookkeepers standard abilities and capacities; Part 5 shows unmistakably word related execution; Part 6 looks at the connection among EI and execution, lastly, Part 7 sums up all components of this survey. 2.2 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 2.2.1 Introduction Twenty years prior, scientists didnt much focus the subject of feelings in the work environment, maybe on the grounds that feelings were seen too hard to be in any way estimated and were thought of as strange, shaky, and not fit for dynamic instrument; they were thusly less well known and to a great extent unexplored among specialists (Arvey et al., 1998 and Muchinsky, 2000). Mid 1990 in any case, scientists have started to perceive that feelings ought not be prohibited from expertise and competency of authoritative, on the grounds that it tends to be utilized in manners that contribute usefully to associations (Arvey et al., 1998 and Fredman, Ghini and Dijk, 2008). Corresponding to this, it is propelling scientists to consider the feelings in associations. For example, concentrate on word related execution has embraced a progressively full of feeling center. Moreover, new enthusiasm for the individuals feeling on work conduct has been powerful in directing concentration toward the more passionate side of working environment encounters (e.g., Brief, Butcher, Roberson, 1995; Fisher Ashkanasy, 2000). Fisher and Ashkanasy (2000) and Ryback Wenny (2007) likewise guarantee the fame of EI as an instrument for new research in the work environment. The data beneath was gotten from the past exact investigations and numerous configurations of assets. 2.1.2 Definition There is no complete meaning of EI. Numerous creators characterize EI as the capacity to get emotions, either inside or remotely. Various investigations show that, information, subjective aptitudes and capacities are normally mixed with execution. The term and ideas of EI were instituted by Golemen (1995; 1998) in his two books, EI and Working with EI and built up a measurement and trait of EI as mindfulness, self-guideline, inspiration, sympathy, and social ability. Anyway various creators have characterized EI somewhat uniquely in contrast to Goleman. Mayer and Saloveys (1997) which means is a sort of insight in that it stresses thinking, seeing, understanding, evaluating, segregating, and recognizing feeling. Golemans idea of EI, in qualification, identifies with the manner in which individuals work sincerely if their working is at its latent capacity or possibly isn't hazardous. From the perspective of Weisingers (1998) gives depictions and meaning of EI is similarly near Golemans when he portrayed EI is the savvy utilization of feelings. It in contrast with Golemans, Cooper and Sawafs (1997) delimitation focuses on the higher headings of human conduct, chiefly perspectives connected with initiative. Their idea understands factors, for example, instinct, trustworthiness, individual reason, and imagination which isn't stressed by Goleman. Interestingly, Simmons and Simmons (1997) way to deal with EI are totally different from Golemans when they relate EI to numerous generally invariant character characteristics. These scholars and numerous others characterized and clarified the idea of EI. There is no single definition in characterizing EI. Here I will incorporate the five most well known ones. EI can be characterized as: 1. â€Å"the capacity to screen ones own and others sentiments and feelings, to segregate among them, and to utilize the data to manage ones reasoning and action† (Mayer Salovey,1993). 2. â€Å"ability to perceive and communicate feelings in yourself, your capacity to comprehend the feelings of colleagues.† (Gardner, 1983). 3. â€Å"the savvy utilization of feelings: you deliberately make your feelings work for you by utilizing them to help control your conduct and thinking in manners that improve your results.† (Weisinger, 1998). 4. â€Å"the capacity to: 1) know about, to comprehend, and to communicate; 2) know about, to comprehend, and to identify with others; 3) manage forceful feelings and control ones motivations; and 4) adjust to change and to take care of issues of an individual or a social nature (Reuven Bar-On, 1998). 5. â€Å"the limit with respect to perceiving our own sentiments and those of others, for persuading ourselves, and for overseeing feelings well in ourselves and in our relationships.(Goleman, 1998) In view of the abundance of definitions, there is by all accounts no significant contrasts among the meaning of EI consistently. In result, EI by and large involves the capacity to comprehend and perceive feeling inside or intrapersonal and remotely or relational to settle on great choice. All the more opportune, for this examination, the analyst receives the thorough of EI verbalized by Goleman (1998) â€Å"a learned capacity dependent on EI that brought about exceptional execution at work†. EI echoes how a people feasible for acing the abilities of Self-Awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness, and Relationship Management converts into work execution. Having characterized EI, the accompanying areas will feature the writing identified with EI and execution in library works. 2.1.2 Evolution of EI In 1920, Thordike portrayed the idea of EI as a type of social insight. He has isolated insight into three features; understanding and overseeing thoughts (unique knowledge), solid articles (mechanical insight), and individuals (social insight). In his appearance: By social knowledge is implied the capacity to comprehend and oversee people, young men and young ladies to act shrewdly in human relations. Further, in 1940, Wechsler, saw knowledge as an impact and imagined that evaluations of general insight are not sufficient and consider that non-scholarly factors, for example, character, will impact the advancement of a people knowledge. Also, consideration in social insight or other knowledge was revitalized in 1983 when Gardner presented the hypothesis of different knowledge (Brualdi, 1996; Gardner, 1995) and proposed a broad field of contrasting insights. According to this, Mayer and Salovey, (1990) instituted the term EI in their article â€Å"EI,† from the diary â€Å"Imagination, Cognition and Personality† while Goleman, (1995) brought EI to the trademark and built up his own model of EI. Eventually, the idea of EI has been extended and applied to various orders including administrations (for example Deals, Hospitality, banking, and school and data administrations and so on). The developing of EI as portrayed in 2.1 underneath. 2.1.2.1 Social Intelligence Social knowledge can be characterized in an unexpected way. Social insight can be characterized as â€Å"the capacity to comprehend and oversee individuals to act astutely in human relations† (Thorndike, 1920, p. 228). All things considered, in the late 1930s, Thorndike and Stein (1937) changed the prior meaning of social insight to peruse, the â€Å"ability to comprehend and oversee people† while a couple of years after the fact, Gardner (1983) plot his hypothesis of various insights and he portrayed in detail seven â€Å"relatively autonomous† of human scholarly skills (eg; phonetic, legitimate numerical, spatial, melodic, individual, relational, and intrapersonal). In like manner, Moss and Hunt (1927) depicted social insight as the capacity to coexist with others (p. 108). After six years as Vernon (1933), characterized the social insight as the people capacity to coexist with individuals when all is said in done, social procedure or straightforwardness in the public eye, information on social issues, defenselessness to boosts from different individuals from a gathering, just as understanding into the impermanent states of mind or basic character characteristics of outsiders (p. 44). It was perceived by Maulding (2002) that EI was firmly identified with individual insight and was additionally qualified by Gardner with is work of two individual knowledge viewpoints; intrapersonal and relational. Intrapersonal knowledge was additionally portrayed by Gardner as the ability to be segregating among ones emotions; to name them, and use them in approaches to comprehend and direct ones conduct and relational insight as â€Å"turns outward, to other individuals†. This point of convergence analyzed â€Å"the capacity to notice and make differentiations among others, and specifically, among th

Success Quotes

Success Quotes “You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.” Albert EinsteinSuccess is a state of mind. If you want success, start thinking of yourself as a success. Dr. Brothers“Excellence is not a singular act, but a habit. You are what you repeatedly do.” Shaquille Oneal “The greatest barrier to success is the fear of failure.” Sven Goran Eriksson“Success is simple. Do whats right, the right way, at the right time.” Arnold H. Glasgow“Success is focusing the full power of all you are on what you have a burning desire to achieve.” Wilfred Peterson“Limitations live only in our minds. But if we use our imaginations, our possibilities become limitless.” Jamie Paolinetti“People have to really suffer before they can risk doing what they love.” Chuck Palahniuk“Success means having the courage, the determination, and the will to become the person you believe you were meant to be.” George Sheehan“Success is not the key to h appiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful.” Herman Cain“To succeed in life, you need two things: ignorance and confidence.” Mark Twain“Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you havent planted.” David Bly“To succeed you need to find something to hold on to, something to motivate you, something to inspire you.” Tony Dorsett“Every success is built on the ability to do better than good enough.”“There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.” Colin Powell“Lifes real failure is when you do not realize how close you were to success when you gave up.”“Success is largely a matter of holding on after others have let go.”“Some people dream of success while others wake up and work hard at it.”“The best way to succeed in this world is to act on the advice you give to others.”Do you know a good success quote? Pleas e add a comment!

Is Sports A Good Thing Essay - 1148 Words

It can be inferred that sports is a social construct in which supporters acknowledge athletes for their talent and skill. As athletes are identified on the basis of membership of their sport and team, we as the general public, rarely acknowledge them as individuals. Rather, we decide when to individuate them –praising them when they shine a little a brighter than the rest, and when to chastise them because they went against the grain. When discussing the LGBTQ community and their involvement in sports, many thoughts come to mind, most of them negative with very few positive observations. The pros and cons in association with this group’s participation in sports are typically based on either breaking stereotypes or strengthen them as mentioned in our guest lecture. Although breaking stereotypes is seen as a good thing, this essay aims to address the discrimination that goes on within this social environment in regards to athletes who are part of the LGBTQ community. Whet her a man or woman, being openly part of the LGBTQ community as an athlete is difficult because there is so much at stake as a result of society’s heteronormative way of thinking. Kristen Schilt from the University of Chicago argues that, â€Å"Responses to perceived failures to fulfill gender criteria †¦accomplish the policing of supposedly natural gender boundaries to repair breaches to heteronormativity.†. With this said, it seems as though we as a society need to break away from the norms set in place becauseShow MoreRelatedSports Competition for School-Age Children Can Be a Good Thing1323 Words   |  6 Pages06/28/11 Sports Competition For School-Age Children Can Be a Good Thing Many parents find themselves standing on the sidelines of a baseball game or a soccer game very early on in their child’s life. Cheering away as they watch their child make their first goal or hit their first home run. This is just a small glimpse for parents into the world of sports and competition where their child is concerned. According to Tami Coyle, from Arundel Soccer Association, â€Å"Participating in sports can beRead MorePersuasive Speech : Sports Is A Huge Thing That Mean A Good Than Harm?2023 Words   |  9 PagesOnsite audience Abstract: Sports is a huge thing that mean a lot for people all over the countries because of the entertainment which is provided to them by it. The sport has no meaning without the fans and spectators which they come and watch the sport onsite, they are like the soulmate they complete each other. The debate that has been found here was about â€Å"do onsite audience do more good than harm?†. There was two opinions that have been raised here, one opinion with the spectators while otherRead MoreHow Competitive Sports Helps Kids1234 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitive sports are amazing for kids because of many different thing but they all kinda fit into three categories. 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Features Of Entrepreneurs And Risk Taking - 1553 Words

Characteristic features of Entrepreneurs Brian identified the entrepreneur as a person who is optimistic, future-oriented, thinking that achievement is conceivable and being open to attempting risky methods to accomplish their objectives of benefits. They are capable of succeeding their objectives of benefits by trying different methods and also changing quickly as they get new data. (Brian Tracy, 2005) Entrepreneurs and risk taking Risk-taking is a part of entrepreneurial life. Due to this reason entrepreneurs have to have a risk-taking spirit, because not taking risks can kill an enterprise before it gets off the ground. Dr. Shailendra Vyakarnam (2013) adds that entrepreneurs are people who also know their limitations. As entrepreneurs take risks, what they mostly come across are uncertainty and imperfect information. Uncertainty and its importance by Entrepreneurs According to the Business Word Reference (2015); uncertainty is a circumstance where the current condition of learning is such that the request or nature of things is obscure, the outcomes, degree or greatness of circumstances, conditions or occasions is eccentric. The announcement what’s to come is dubious is a conspicuous one –of course it is. In administration we cannot recognize what is going to happen or when or what the effect of it will be. We can assemble data and break down it to attempt to see better what may happen and what the outcomes may be, however we can never know beyond any doubt. AnShow MoreRelatedThe Practice Of Entrepreneurship Through Time And The Global Enterprise1642 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of ideas, comprehensive risk, commitment of time and resources, and vision with the overarching goal of holistic success and autonomy (Arthur Hisrich, 2011). 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Latin America’s Problems Result of Violent History Free Essays

Latin America’s Problems: Result of Violent History? History plays a role in the problems of any nation, and for that matter in the lives  of individual people.   Does this mean that a country or person is fated to an inevitable  future that is colored mostly by its past?   To some degree the answer is yes, but to take  any particular feature of a society’s past, namely violence in this instance, and thrust the  whole burden of responsibility upon it may be irresponsible, in and of itself, in a sincere  quest to ameliorate and ultimately eradicate the problematic issues that need to be  resolved. If we do want to attribute the current state of affairs in Latin America to its  violent history, we also need to understand the nature and genesis of that violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Latin America’s Problems: Result of Violent History? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many  countries, including the USA, achieved independence through wars and violence, but we  do not cite our current problems on the American Revolution or the Civil War which was  violence amongst our own people. The source of violence can be a key to understanding  how the countries of Latin America and their people have not recovered from the nature of the  violence they endured. When wars are fought to expunge a common enemy there is a feeling of  camaraderie and nationalism to have fought and won not only against a common enemy,  but against the very evil represented by that enemy. This mindset unites people and  solidifies belief systems, ethics, and morals so necessary to the success and continued  success of civilizations and their governments. What happens, however, when the  violence is perpetrated by the very institution that is supposed to be the bulwark of good,  and when the violence is perpetrated by this institution against the very people that look  to it for their protection? Chasteen says that â€Å" At the most basic level, conquest is always about  exploitation.† (p.58). Although we do not always think of the process of religious  conversion as conquest,   perhaps we should give this careful consideration. Chasteen  seems to agree with this as he goes on to say that â€Å"Most Spanish and Portugeuse people  that came to the Americas in the early 1500s believed that spreading the â€Å"true religion†,  even by force, was a good thing.† (p. 58). The kind of religion that the Catholic Church  brought to the Americas in the early 1500s was a perfect example of non  church/government separation. â€Å"To sin against Catholic teachings was, in many cases, a criminal  offense.† (p.70). The Catholic Church did not merely have a religious presence in Latin America.  They controlled it.   Chasteen summarizes some of what Las Casas had to say about the control of Catholicism. â€Å"The reason for the death and destruction of so many souls at   Christian  hands†¦was simple greed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 60).  To further substantiate the demonstration of evil by the Catholic Church take a  look at an excerpt from Brief account of the devastation of the Indies by Las Casas referred to  by Chasteen as   A brief account of the destruction of the Indies, (p. 61) a translational title  difference of the same work:   â€Å" After the wars and the killings had   ended, when usually there  survived only some boys, some women, and children, these survivors were distributed among the  Christians to be slaves. The repartimiento or distribution was made according to the rank and  importance of the Christian to whom the Indians were allocated, one of them being given thirty,  another forty, still another, one or two hundred, and besides the rank of the Christian there was  also to be considered in what favor he stood with the tyr ant they called Governor. The  pretext was that these allocated Indians were to be instructed in the articles of the  Christian Faith. As if those Christians who were as a rule foolish and cruel and  greedy and vicious could be caretakers of souls! And the care they took was to send the  men to the mines to dig for gold, which is intolerable labor, and to send the women into the  fields of the big ranches to hoe and till the land, work suitable for strong men. Nor to either the  men or the women did they give any food except herbs and legumes, things of little substance.  The milk in the breasts of the women with infants dried up and thus in a short while the infants  perished. And since men and women were separated, there could be no marital relations. And the  men died in the mines and the women died on the ranches from the same causes, exhaustion and  hunger. And thus was depopulated that island which had been densely populated.† (http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/02-las.html). Although these are blatant examples of destruction, Chasteen also cites a more insidious  example the Church exercised, such as hegemony defined as â€Å" the basic principle of social  control in which a ruling class dominates others ideologically, with a minimum of physical force,  by making its dominance seem natural and inevitable.† (p. 325). â€Å"Religion offers one of the  clearest examples of cultural hegemony.† (p.69).   Even more dangerous than outright  exploitation, this creeps into the very fabric of the psyche of a people and carries over throughout  generations. As Chasteen points out, â€Å"When they accept the principle of their own  inferiority†¦they participate in their own subjugation.† (p.69).   The subjugation continued through history as Caudillos, rich landowners, were â€Å"the  party’s national leaders†Ã‚   (p. 124) in post colonial days.   In the neo colonial period from 1880-  1930, (p. 180), Latin America was still subjugated, but instead by cultures that had brought  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Progress† from other countries. The late 1800s saw â€Å"dicatorships or oligartchies.† (p.192). During the time of   the US overtake of Cuba in the early 1900s we see the incendiary racistattitudes prevail, as Teddy Roosevelt coins the term â€Å"dago† for Latins. (p. 201). Right up until  the present day   it appears that Latins have never risen above the station that was thrust upon  them by the Church from the beginning.The book has opened my eyes to many injustices in Latin American history that I was  unaware existed and has provided food for thought as to the reasons Latin Americans seem to be  a problematic people. It is indeed, not the injustices in and of themselves, but the so called  Christian perpetrators of such injustices that give the history and the present fate of Latin  America such a fatalistic outlook and prognosis. Despite all of this and probably because of the  hegemony, it has happened without notice but it is interesting to note that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Latin America has  always been Catholic, but now the majority of the world’s Catholics are Latin American.†Ã‚  (p. 320). At the end of the book Chasteen asks what the future will bring. (p.321).   He does not  provide an answer but it makes one wonder if   the subjugation can ever really end. Like a child  abused by a parent over years and years of time,   the Church ‘s abuse in the growing and  formative years of Latin America have left scars that will last an eternity. References Chasteen, J.C. Born in blood and fire. A concise history of Latin America De Las Casas, B. Brief account of the devastation of the Indies. (1542). Retrieved from http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/02-las.html on November 26, 2006. How to cite Latin America’s Problems: Result of Violent History?, Essay examples

Business Valuation of Qantas Airways-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Anayse Business and valuation of Qantas Airways Limited. Answer: Introduction This study deals with business analysis and valuation of Qantas Airways Limited. The current segment discusses external environment analysis through use of Porters five forces model (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The next segment discusses internal environment analysis for Qantas Airways Limited by using SWOT analysis. The corporate strategy of Qantas Airways Limited had been discussed in the study with proper justification. The accounting policies used by Qantas Airways Limited are mentioned in the research study. Financial ratio had been calculated for the year 2013, 2015 and 2016 for the company named as Qantas Airways Limited. Company overview Qantas Airways Limited is one of the oldest airline industries in Australia. The market share of Qantas Airways Limited is higher as compared to any other firm in the aviation industry (Qantas.com. 2017). Qantas Airways Limited mainly engages in offering longest distance airways. Qantas Airways Limited came into existence in the year 1901 in Queensland. The company manages the performance of Qantas holidays and budget airlines. Porters five forces model Industry Rivalry- There is severe competition from rivalry firms where the operators are competing with each other based on price. The service levels have gone up that will decrease the operational expenses at minimal levels for maintaining the margin of operations (Rothaermel 2015). In addition, there are differentiators in the airline industry and this is the number of flights that are being offered where the main players have an edge but the price factors in the calculation. Based on relationships, there are various airlines that offers loyalty programs for the customers so that there are low switching costs for the customers. Threat from new entrants- In case of domestic players, the entry is easier in terms of licenses. The major changes are required in the initial stages where many peripheral operations are outsourced. The new entrants face difficulty to enter in the airline industry because of capital outlay as well as time to manage analysis. In case of global players, the entry barrier is high and it is needed to plan out the entry for the industry as the rivalry is high and very easy to be sidelined in the marketplace (Peteraf, Gamble and Thompson 2014). Threats from substitute products- On analysis, it is noted that there are many substitutes to airline industry especially in case of short routes such as bus and train. In case of long distances, there are many other options such as video conferences, net meetings as well as video messages that has been a substitute but not as effective (Peppard and Ward 2016). Bargaining power of buyers- Bargaining power of buyers are high in the aviation industry for most of the routes. The buyers actually have lot of options to select from different airline companies as most of the routes are being covered by more than one operator and there is huge competition based in prices that provide sufficient power to the customers (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes 2015). Bargaining power of suppliers- Bargaining power of suppliers are high in the aviation industry. One of the main factor that affect aviation industry is the fuel prices where the suppliers does not have much of a control as well as decided by the political factors in and across the globe (Morden 2016). The investments that the manufactures make for the suppliers as well as consider high value orders that had little chance that would move or increase the prices at certain level SWOT analysis Strengths Weakness Qantas Airways Limited has strong backing from Australian Government Qantas Airways Limited enjoys monopoly in Australian market Qantas Airways Limited is one of the top and largest airlines that operates in Australia Qantas Airways Limited is one of the oldest airlines operators in and across the world Qantas Airways Limited operates in 20 international and domestic destinations Qantas Airways Limited has good brand recognition and identity through advertising as well as sponsorship (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014) Too much concentration around Australasia At Qantas Airways Limited, issues among the employees is one of the main concern Opportunities Threats There is opportunity in the Australian market as it is less tapped and guarantee that no other airline can get a chance by gaining a huge market share global destinations in Asia Tie-ups with worldwide airlines for combined service offerings to the potential targeted clientele Intense competition from new starts-ups as well as other airlines companies Increased labor costs Increased fuel prices Corporate strategy The value of corporate strategy at Qantas Airways Limited mainly based on the degree to which the business under the management of the company relies upon, that is whether it is of greater worth than it were managed by a participant or separately (Hill and Jones 2013). The Corporate strategy of Qantas Airways Limited help in generating aggregate returns in and across portfolio that contributes to the company competitive advantage as well as ability for generating above average returns. Segment Revenue % of Total EBIT % of Total Domestic 5828 37% 480 39% International 5467 35% 267 22% Jetstar Group 3464 22% 230 19% Qantas Freight 1067 7% 114 9% Qantas Loyalty 1369 9% 315 26% In the year 2015, Qantas Airways Limited generates $15816 billion in total revenue and it had been generated across 5 main segments or trade units that are highlighted in the above table. Qantas Airways Limited operates with low levels of diversification in a dominant business strategy with 84% revenue generation through their passenger airline business that focus on a core set of capabilities as well as competencies for generating above average returns in a single business marketplace (Goetsch and Davis 2014). There is less dominance of passenger airline business that can be understood from the segment profit contribution perspective where Qantas Freight and Qantas Loyalty generates 35% of the companys EBIT for tipping their plan into more reasonable diversification with linked trade units that shares product, sharing linkages as well as technology. After analyzing the segments, it is understood that revenue contributions have remained comparatively steady over time where the profit levels of the passenger airlines are far more unstable. In addition, the profit from freight and faithfulness are presented in the above table where increased return provides supports for other segments when they challenges by internal as well as external influences that creates sustained value and returns for Qantas Airways Limited (Eden and Ackermann 2013). From resources perspectives, Qantas Airways Limited derives value-neutral benefits that include tangible as well as intangible resources. For instance, low Australian dollar increases international passenger travel. Accounting policy The case study company named as Qantas Airways Limited had been used for the research for analyzing the financial data of 2013, 2015 and 2016. It had been noted that companies need to manage the reports depending upon the accounting policies already mentioned in the reports. From the case study, the final data information needs to be analyzed by an auditor for making reliable financial statements (Durand, Grant and Madsen 2017). It is the responsibility of the auditor to analyze the final information of Qantas Airways Limited based on the accounting policies. In addition, accounting policies are the rules, principles and process that should be executed in the financial reports of company at top level management. There are various accounting policies used in the aviation industry that is for accounting assets and liabilities. The accounting policies need to be observed by the auditors at the time of investigating the financial statements of Qantas Airways Limited and the major concept s are mentioned below with proper justification: Revenue and expenses recognition- From the rules of IFRS and US GAAP, it is clear that an association need to identify overall expenses as well as income that depend widely on the market valuation as presented in the income statement. Revenue is present in the income statement that should be used by the corporation by trading of products or services such as short-term profits, sales, interest income and long-term gains (Bettis et al. 2015). On the contrary, expenses is present in the income statement that need to be paid by the corporation by trading of products or services such as labor, salaries and cost of goods sold. According to accounting rules, expenses are recorded in the debit column and income are recorded in the credit column of income statement. Asset and liability recording- From the rules of IFRS and US GAAP, it is clear that an association need to identify overall assets as well as liabilities that depend widely on the economical profit as presented in the balance sheet. Asset is present in the balance sheet that should be converted by the corporation depending upon the nature of assts where short-term assets will be converted less than one year and long-term assets will be converted more than 1 year (Bettis et al. 2016). On the contrary, liabilities is present in the balance sheet as debt of corporation that should be converted based on long-term liabilities that need some time such as plants and machinery. Financial position of the company for the year 2013 The table shows ratio analysis figures for the year 2013 for the company Qantas Airways Limited. Liquidity ratio is calculated for Qantas Airways Limited that help in analyzing the ability of the company for paying off both current liabilities as they become due and long-term liabilities as they become current. Current ratio, quick ratio and working capital ratio are calculated for Qantas Airways Limited for the financial year 2013. Current ratio of Qantas Airways Limited arrives at 0.83 for the year 2013 that help in measuring the ability of the firm to pay off short-term liabilities with its current assets. Qantas Airways Limited has enough current assets to pay off 83% of his current liabilities. This reveals the fact that Qantas Airways Limited is highly leveraged as well as highly risky. In that case, banks would favor a current ratio of 1 and 2 so that all the current liabilities would be covered by the current assets. Therefore, current ratio of Qantas Airways Limited is so lo w that is unlikely that the company will get approved for their loan (Bettis et al. 2014). Profitability ratio for Qantas Airways Limited is calculated for the company named as Qantas Airways Limited for the year 2013 where comparison is made between income statement figures and balance sheet figures. Operating profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets, return on equity and return to total assets are calculated in the above table that help in predicting the profitability position of Qantas Airways Limited (Barney 2014). Solvency ratio for Qantas Airways Limited is calculated for the company named as Qantas Airways Limited for the year 2013. This ratio will help in measuring the ability of the company to sustain its operations by comparing debt levels with equity, assets as well as earnings. In addition, the solvency ratio identifies going concern issues as well as ability of the firm to pay bills in the long run. Debt equity and interest coverage ratio are calculated for the year 2013 that help in predicting the solvency position of Qantas Airways Limited. Financial position of the company for the year 2015 and 2016 The table shows ratio analysis figures for the year 2015 and 2016 for the company Qantas Airways Limited. Liquidity ratio is calculated for Qantas Airways Limited that help in analyzing the ability of the business for paying off both current liabilities as they become due and long-term liabilities as they become current. Current ratio, quick ratio and working capital ratio are calculated for Qantas Airways Limited for the financial year 2013 and 2015. Current ratio of Qantas Airways Limited arrives at 0.49 for the year 2016 and 0.65 for the year 2015 that help in measuring the capacity of the firm to pay off short-term liabilities with its current assets. Profitability ratio for Qantas Airways Limited is calculated for the business named as Qantas Airways Limited for the year 2015 and 2016 where comparison is made between income statement figures and balance sheet figures. Operating profit margin, net profit margin, return on assets, return on equity and return to total assets are calculated in the above table that help in predicting the profitability position of Qantas Airways Limited. Solvency ratio for Qantas Airways Limited is calculated for the business named as Qantas Airways Limited for the year 2015 and 2016. This ratio will help in measuring the ability of the company to maintain its operations by comparing debt levels with equity, assets as well as earnings. In addition, the solvency ratio recognizes going concern problem as well as ability of the firm to pay bills in the long run. Debt equity and interest coverage ratio are calculated for the year 2015 and 2016 that help in predicting the solvency position of Qantas Airways Limited. Analysis the data of 2013, 2015 and 2016 From the above analysis, it can be analyzed that the financial data of 2013, 2015 and 2016 had been predicted where it is found that Qantas Airways Limited faced several issues during past years because of internal and external factors. The company had properly engaged in adopting new strategies and approach in their plan. Qantas Airways Limited faced issues in meeting short-term debt obligations. Qantas Airways Limited enjoys huge profits. The capital structure ratio of Qantas Airways Limited is not at all good. Conclusion It is recommended to Qantas Airways Limited to make some innovative changes so that they can meet short-term and long-term debt obligations. The changes should be made in the monetary as well as non-financial figures for attractive the level of presentation. Qantas Airways Limited faces external and internal issues where the performance of the company is lower as compared to other business. Reference List Barney, J.B., 2014.Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Pearson Higher Ed. Bettis, R., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C. and Mitchell, W., 2014. Quantitative empirical analysis in strategic management.Strategic Management Journal,35(7), pp.949-953. Bettis, R.A., Ethiraj, S., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C. and Mitchell, W., 2016. Creating repeatable cumulative knowledge in strategic management.Strategic Management Journal,37(2), pp.257-261. Bettis, R.A., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C. and Mitchell, W., 2015. Qualitative empirical research in strategic management.Strategic Management Journal,36(5), pp.637-639. Durand, R., Grant, R.M. and Madsen, T.L., 2017. The expanding domain of strategic management research and the quest for integration.Strategic Management Journal,38(1), pp.4-16. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hill, C.W. and Jones, G.R., 2013.Strategic management theory. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Morden, T., 2016.Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management. Springer. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Peteraf, M., Gamble, J. and Thompson Jr, A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage. McGraw-Hill Education. Qantas.com. 2017.Flights to Australia, New Zealand and Dubai | Qantas UK. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017]. Qantas.com. 2017.Flights to Australia, New Zealand and Dubai | Qantas UK. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017]. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.